How Well Must Surface Vorticity Be Organized for Tornadogenesis?

Abstract This study investigates whether quasi-random surface vertical vorticity is sufficient for tornadogenesis when combined with an updraft typical of tornadic supercells. The viability this pathway could mean that a coherent process to produce well-organized rather unimportant. Highly idealized simulations are used establish random noise as possible seed the production tornado-like vortices (TLVs). A number sensitivities then examined across simulations. most explanatory predictor TLV will form (and how strong it become) maximal value initial circulation found near updraft. Perhaps surprisingly, often present even field lacks any obvious organized structure. other key ingredient formation confirmed be large gradient in velocity close ground (to promote stretching). Overall, appears indeed given adequate stretching. However, shown longer-wavelength more likely associated substantial (because areal integral vorticity). Thus, sources structures supportive tornadogenesis.